Thursday, July 25, 2013

Modification of sonata Form and Cyclic Forms

Modification of sonata Form and Cyclic Forms

Part I - Slow introduction
A slow introduction often precedes the exposition of a sonata form.whether  in an overture, on in a movement all of its own.  Slow introductions are heard as separate sections to the entire sonata and rarely do composers use material from the introduction of the sonata. There are exceptions, of course.  They do often introduce ideas or sometimes motives that will be incorporated into the exposition.

Part II - Sonata Form without Development.
Some sonata form movements are constructed in the manner of traditional sonata form but only have a short link between the exposition and the recapitulation.  This is often the case  in opera overtures such as Mozart's The marriage of Figaro. 

Part III - Sonata form in Concerto movements
Most often occurring in  Baroque compositions, ritornello means "return" in Italian.  It is a piece where a soloist will play an exposition, followed by an orchestra playing an expanded form of the same thing that the soloist played.  a basic map of the form would look like this:

Solo1    Tutti1       Solo2         Tutti2          Solo3             Tutti3
 I               I-------V      V-----V              V------------------------------------------------I
NOTE:
Tutti-Litterally translates to "all" from Italian. It is a part of the piece after a soloist plays where the entire ensemble joins.


 Part IV - Cyclic Form
Cyclic form is a multi-movement work that uses the same thematic material in more than one movement is known as a cyclic form work.  This motive that is used in all or most of the movements is known as the Idee Fixe, or Fixed idea. The most famous work with an idee Fixe is Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz.  
Here is the Idee Fixe that Berlioz uses in Symphonie Fantastique:
This theme shows up in some form in every movement of the work.