Lesson 30 Chromatic modulation
PART I - Modulation using secondary dominants
Since secondary dominants shift the tonal center away from the prevailing key, they lend themselves nicely to actual modulation. If a secondary dominant resolves to its tonic once, it is a tonicization. If it happens more than once, it is a modulation. Here is the difference between a tonicization and a modulation:
Fig.1 tonicization versus modulation
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In the example on the left, the secondary dominant resolves to its tonic only once, thus a modulation has not occurred. In the example on the left however, the net dominant resolves to its tonic twice. This signifies that a modulation has occurred.
Part II - Methods of modulation
METHOD I - Phase Modulation
Fig.2 modulation using method I
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METHOD II - Pivot Chord modulation
In the second method, the chord is a secondary dominant in both keys. You can see that the chord is the V/vi in C, and V/IV in E. The chord where the modulation occurs is known as the pivot chord.
Fig.3 Modulation using method II
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METHOD III - Direct Modulation
THe point of modulation is a dominant chord or secondary dominant in the new key, but can not be analyzed in the the other key because its chord of resolution is not diatonic in the key.
Fig.4 modulation using method III
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Fig.5 modulation using method III
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